Reforma fiscal, corrupción y pobreza: retos de nuevo presidente dominicano
Santo Domingo, RD.- El economista Danilo Medina, que este jueves sustituye en la Presidencia de Dominicana a su compañero de partido Leonel Fernández, llega al poder con el reto de una reforma fiscal que recaude 3,500 millones de dólares y atacar flagelos como la corrupción y la pobreza.
Medina, de 60 años, jurará el cargo ante la presencia de 13 dignatarios el jueves, cuando recibirá un país «con un déficit (fiscal) importante y eso va a requerir de su parte austeridad, reorientación del gasto», según opinó el miércoles Circe Almánzar, presidenta de la Asociación de Industrias de República Dominicana.
Así, Medina necesitará que el Congreso apruebe una reforma para recaudar 140.000 millones de pesos, unos 3,500 millones de dólares, según cálculos del ministro de Economía saliente, Temístocles Montás.
El nuevo presidente, del Partido de la Liberación Dominicana (PLD, liberal), necesitará que esos recursos adicionales queden incorporados al presupuesto de 2013 para satisfacer un déficit fiscal calculado en unos 2,000 millones de dólares.
Además, los requiere para cumplir, según detalla Montás, los compromisos de la deuda externa, que se llevan 40% del presupuesto anual.
Ante este panorama, el oficialismo tendrá que pactar con las fuerzas económicas y políticas para identificar las fuentes de las que saldrán esos recursos y los porcentajes de los gravámenes.
En lo político, Medina –que ganó en primera vuelta las presidenciales del 20 de mayo con más de 51% de los votos– también necesitará cooperación del opositor Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD), que cuenta aún con poder y escaños en el Congreso, aunque está internamente dividido entre quienes siguen a su presidente, Miguel Vargas, y al exmandatario Hipólito Mejía (2000-2004).
«Nos mantendremos vigilantes para impedir que sea el pueblo quien pague el desastre financiero creado por el gobierno saliente», advirtió el martes de noche Mejía, candidato perdedor además de los últimos comicios presidenciales.
Por otra parte, después de ocho años consecutivos de gobierno peledeísta, Medina se ve presionado por las expectativas de cambio de estilo y remoción del actual tren gubernamental, aunque el nuevo equipo se dará a conocer el jueves al mediodía cuando juramente a sus principales funcionarios.
Mientras tanto, maneja los nombres de quienes serán sus ministros con completa discreción para acrecentar el enigma de qué tanto se distanciará de su antecesor Fernández, que conservará un amplio poder como presidente del PLD, y cuya esposa, Margarita Cedeño, asumirá además la vicepresidencia del país.
Para la socióloga dominicana Rosario Espinal, uno de los retos de Medina en este sentido será, por ejemplo, atacar la corrupción que se la ha atribuido al actual gobierno.
«¿Tendrá Medina las agallas para destituir a todo funcionario que se pesque robando?», se preguntó en el diario Hoy Espinal, profesora de la Universidad de Temple, en Estados Unidos, asegurando que «la única solución creíble y con posibilidades de éxito es la destitución inmediata cuando el presidente confirme trampa».
Sin embargo, y a pesar del déficit fiscal que deja a Medina, la gestión de Fernández se caracterizó por la estabilidad económica y el crecimiento sostenido de la economía (4.5% en 2011).
Medina, que promete continuar con la política macroeconómica del gobierno, también plantea una mejor distribución de las riquezas y sacar a 400,000 personas de la pobreza extrema, calculada en 2010 en 10.4% (cerca de un millón de dominicanos).
El nuevo presidente fue estratega político y funcionario de Fernández, aunque ambos se distanciaron un poco en 2006 porque el primero consideró que era su turno para aspirar al Poder Ejecutivo en 2008, cuando se impuso la reelección presidencial.
Este año, en cambio, Fernández ofreció todo su apoyo a Medina, tanto que la oposición lo acusó de usar fondos públicos a favor de su pupilo.
Fernández (1996-2000, 2004-2008 y 2008-2012) se retira del ejecutivo pero sigue como presidente del PLD, que tiene 31 de los 32 senadores y 108 de los 190 diputados.
Pero, además, el presidente saliente podrá perseguir nuevamente la jefatura de Estado en 2016, tras la aprobación de una reforma constitucional promovida por él mismo que permite la reelección alterna. AFP
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